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Chapter 1, Part I - Shape of The Earth - Test Review

Instructions:  Click on the button to see if your answer is correct or not.  I recommend keeping track of how many you get correct on your first try.  You might need your reference tables for this... look in the back of your book, starting on page 245.

  1. Compared to the circumference of Earth measured at the Equator, the circumference of Earth measured through the poles is

      slightly smaller.

      slightly larger.

      exactly the same. 

     

  2. Why would a person on the Earth's surface weigh more at the poles than at the Equator?

      The Sun's gravitational pull is greater at the Equator than at the poles.

      The Sun's gravitational pull is less at the Equator than at the poles.

      The distance from the center of the Earth to the Earth's surface is slightly more at the poles than at the Equator.

      The distance from the center of the Earth to the Earth's surface is slightly less at the poles than at the Equator.

     

  3. If someone gave you a globe that matched the dimensions of the Earth perfectly, and the equatorial circumference was 633.17 cm, which of the following would have to be the polar circumference?

      633.17 cm

      635.20 cm

      632.10 cm

      634.25 cm

     

  4. The water sphere of the Earth is known as the

      atmosphere.

      hydrosphere.

      lithosphere.

      troposphere.

     

  5. The solid rock material that directly underlies the sediments on the ocean floor is part of the Earth's

      lithosphere.

      outer core.

      troposphere.

      hydrosphere.

     

  6. The layer of bedrock near the Earth's surface that forms a continuous shell around the Earth is called the

      stratosphere.

      lithosphere.

      troposphere.

      hydrosphere.

     

  7. The hydrosphere is mostly

      solid rock.

      gaseous air.

      molten rock.

      liquid water.

     

  8. The Earth's actual shape is most correctly described as

      a circle.

      a perfect sphere.

      an eccentric ellipse.

      an oblate sphere.

     

  9. The latitude of an observer on Earth's surface can be determined by measuring the altitude of Polaris because Earth has a

      variable length of day.

      fairly constant period of revolution.

      nearly spherical shape.

      nearly circular orbit around the Sun.

     

  10. Which object best represents a true scale model of the shape of the Earth?

      an egg

      a pear

      a Ping-Pong ball

      a football

     

  11. Compared to the weight of a person at the North Pole, the weight of the same person at the Equator would be

      slightly more, because the person is farther away from the center of the Earth.

      slightly more, because the person is closer to from the center of the Earth.

      slightly less, because the person is farther away from the center of the Earth.

      slightly less, because the person is closer to from the center of the Earth.

     

  12. The Earth's atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere all contain relatively large amounts of which element?

      oxygen

      iron

      potassium

      hydrogen

     

  13. You can find your latitude using Polaris if you

      are in either the Northern or Southern Hemispheres.

      are in the Northern Hemisphere.

      are in the Southern Hemisphere.

      are in the Western Hemisphere.

     

  14. If it is 2 p.m. at your current location, what time will it be 90° to your West?

      2 p.m.

      3 p.m.

      8 p.m.

      8 a.m.

     

  15. Polaris can be used for navigation, because

      the position of Polaris changes with the seasons.

      the position of Polaris is equal to the observer's latitude.

      Polaris is the brightest star in the night sky, and is very easy to locate.

      Polaris is directly over the Tropic of Cancer.

     

  16. At which location will the highest altitude of Polaris be observed?

      The Artic Circle

      The Equator

      Central New York State

      The Tropic of Cancer

     

  17. When the time of day for a certain ship at sea is 12 noon, and the time of day at the Prime Meridian is 7 p.m., what is the ship's longitude?

      105°W

      105°E

      75°W

      75°E

     

  18. How many degrees of longitude does the Earth turn every hour?

     

      15°

      24°

      360°

     

  19. How many time zones are there on Earth?

      180

      360

      90

      24

     

  20. Measurements of gravity are greater at the poles than at the Equator.  This evidence best supports the inference that Earth has a

      perfectly spherical shape.

      slightly oblate shape.

      very elliptical orbit.

      slightly elliptical orbit.

     

  21. If a John wants to call Ashley during her 6 p.m. dinner time, what time should he call if her home is located at (30°S, 15°E) and his home is located at (45°N, 75°W)

      11 p.m.

      2 p.m.

      12 a.m.

      12 p.m.

     

  22. If a student measured the shadow angle between two points on a globe to be 52° and the distance between the two points to be 25 cm, what is the circumference of that globe?

      173.1 cm

      748.8 cm

      600.0 cm

      507.3 cm

     

  23. What happens to the altitude of Polaris in the Northern Hemisphere as you move further North towards the North Pole?

      The altitude of Polaris increases.

      The altitude of Polaris decreases.

      The altitude of Polaris remains the same.

      The altitude of Polaris will increase and then decrease.

     

  24. Precise measurements of the Earth indicate that its polar diameter is

      shorter than its equatorial diameter.

      longer than its equatorial diameter.

      the same length as its equatorial diameter. 

     

  25. Measurements taken from space show the Earth to be

      a perfect sphere.

      pear shaped.

      greatest in diameter at the Equator.

      greatest in diameter at the poles.

     

  26. The best evidence that the Earth has a spherical shape would be provided by

      the time the Earth takes to rotate one its axis at different times of the year.

      the change in the time of sunrise and sunset at a single location during 1 year.

      photographs of the Earth taken from space.

      the prevailing wind direction at many locations on the Earth's surface.

     

  27. From which set of polar and equatorial diameters can the actual shape of the Earth be inferred?

      Polar diameter = 12,714 km

            Equatorial diameter = 12,714 km

      Polar diameter = 12,756 km

            Equatorial diameter = 12,756 km

      Polar diameter = 12,714 km

            Equatorial diameter = 12,756 km

      Polar diameter = 12,756 km

            Equatorial diameter = 12,714 km

     

  28. What does A.M. and P.M. stand for?

      Any Moment and Past Moment

      After Morning and Pre-Morning

      Amplitude Modification and Polarity Modification

      Ante Meridian and Post Meridian

     

  29. Which of the following lists the density of the Earth's three outer spheres in order from highest density to lowest density?

      Atmosphere, Lithosphere, and Hydrosphere

      Lithosphere, Atmosphere, and Hydrosphere

      Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, and Atmosphere

      Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, and Lithosphere

     

  30. A boat is located somewhere on Earth.  If Polaris is 28° above the horizon, the time is 9 p.m., and it is 9 p.m. at the GMT, where is the boat?

      62° South, 45° East

      28° North, 45° West

      28° North, 135° East

      28° North, 135° West

     

  31. Which of the following can we calculate if we compare the difference in time between two time zones?

      Where the Equator is.

      Where Polaris should be.

      The longitude.

      The latitude.

     

  32. If it is midnight at the GMT and 8 p.m. at your current location, where are you?

      60° West

      60° East

      4° West

      4° East

     

  33. An astrolabe can be used to find

      the current altitude of the observer.

      the current time zone of the observer.

      the current latitude of the observer.

      the current longitude of the observer.

     

  34. If Polaris is seen at an angle of 60° above the horizon

      60° North

      60° South

      30° North

      30° South

     

  35. The Earth Turns

      360° towards the East every hour.

      360° towards the West every hour.

      15° towards the East every hour.

      15° towards the West every hour.

      24° towards the West every hour.

    To answer questions 36 - 38, use the diagram below which shows an instrument made from a drinking straw, protractor, string, and rock.

  36. This instrument was most likely used to measure the

      mass of the suspended weight.

      mass of the Earth.

      altitude of a star.

      distance to a star.

     

  37. What is the altitude of the star?

      0°

      40°

      50°

      90°

     

  38. If the star being observed is Polaris, what would the observer's latitude be?

      40°

      50°

      90°

      It cannot be determined from the device shown in the picture.

  39. The diagrams below represent photographs of a large sailboat taken through a telescope over time as the boat sailed away from shore out to sea. Each diagram shows the magnification of the lenses and the time of day.

    Which statement best explains the apparent sinking of this sailboat?

      The sailboat is moving around the curved surface of Earth.

      The sailboat appears smaller as it moves farther away.

      The change in density of the atmosphere is causing refraction of light rays.

      The tide is causing an increase in the depth of the ocean.

     

  40. Which diagram most accurately shows the cross-sectional shape of the Earth?

                            

                           

     

  41. The diagram below indicates the altitude of Polaris as measured at three locations in the Earth's Northern Hemisphere.  What is the best inference to be drawn from these observations?

      the Earth rotates 15º per hour

      the Earth has an elliptical orbit

      the Earth has a curved surface

      the Earth revolves around the sun

     

  42. The graph below represents percentage of elements by volume.

    According to the Earth Science Reference Tables, this graph best represents the elements of the Earth's

      troposphere.

      lithosphere.

      hydrosphere.

      stratosphere.

    Use the image below to answer questions 43 through 45.

  43. Which line best identifies the interface between the lithosphere and the hydrosphere?

      Line A

      Line B

      Line C

      Line D

     

  44. Which line best identifies the interface between the lithosphere and the atmosphere?

      Line A

      Line B

      Line C

      Line D

     

  45. Which line best identifies the interface between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere?

      Line A

      Line B

      Line C

      Line D

    Use the map below to answer questions 46 through 49.

  46. Which location is located at (53°N,45°E)?

      A

      B

      C

      D

     

  47. At location A Polaris has close to the same altitude as location

      A

      B

      C

      Polaris cannot be seen from any of the other locations.

     

  48. At which location would you be if Polaris has an altitude of 52º and it is 11 p.m., but it is 3 p.m. at the Prime Meridian?

      A

      B

      C

      D

     

  49. What is the coordinates of location D?

      (68°S, 120°E)

      (120°S, 53°E)

      (53°S, 68°E)

      (53°S, 120°E)

  50. Using the image below, what is the circumference of this globe?

      8.1 km

      16,000 km

      250 km

      5419.4 km

     

  51. Using the image below, what is the circumference of this globe?

      3,600 cm

      1,080 cm

      833 cm

      1,200 cm

     

  52. What is the latitude for the observer shown in the image below?

      47° North

      43° North

      90° North

      45° South

     

  53. What is the latitude of an observer if the image below shows their astrolabe?

      90° North

      30° North

      25° North

      60° North

    Use the images below to answer questions 54 through 59.  Each image shows the location of Polaris for a different observer at different locations on Earth.

    A   B   C   D

  54. Which observer is located on the North Pole?

      A

      B

      C

      D

     

  55. Which observer is the closest to the Equator?

      A

      B

      C

      D

     

  56. Which observer is located at 70° North latitude?

      A

      B

      C

      D

     

  57. What is the latitude for observer C?

      90°

      70°

      43°

      24°

     

  58. What happens to the altitude of Polaris as an observer moves further North in the Northern Hemisphere?

      The altitude of Polaris increases.

      The altitude of Polaris decreases.

      The altitude of Polaris stays the same.

     

  59. What happens to the altitude of Polaris as an observer moves further South in the Northern Hemisphere?

      The altitude of Polaris increases.

      The altitude of Polaris decreases.

      The altitude of Polaris stays the same. 

    Use the graph below to answer questions 60 through 65.  This graph shows the percent by mass of the elements that make up one of the Earth's outer spheres. Each letter on the graph represents an element.

  60. Which outer sphere does this graph represent?

      atmosphere

      hydrosphere

      lithosphere

      asthenosphere

     

  61. Which element is represented by the letter a?

      Aluminum

      Iron

      Oxygen

      Silicon

     

  62. Which element is represented by the letter b?

      Aluminum

      Iron

      Oxygen

      Silicon

     

  63. Which element is represented by the letter c?

      Aluminum

      Iron

      Oxygen

      Silicon

     

  64. Which element is represented by the letter e?

      Aluminum

      Hydrogen

      Iron

      Sodium

     

  65. If a student leaves on a 15 hours trip to Australia (135 East) from New York (75 West) at 11 p.m. on Tuesday, October 14, 2008, when did they arrive in Australia?

      1 p.m. on Tuesday, October 14, 2008

      4 a.m. on Wednesday, October 15, 2008

      1 p.m. on Wednesday, October 15, 2008

      4 a.m. on Tuesday, October 14, 2008

 

 

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